Вміст сирої клейковини і білка у зерні пшениці полби звичайної за використання біологічно активних речовин. Наукові горизонти. 2019

Abstract

With the introduction of high-yielding wheat varieties, the grain harvest increased, but the content of protein in it significantly decreased. In the solution of the problem of protein content, emmer wheat is of undoubted importance. Growing interest to emmer wheat is due to its significant nutritional value. However, there is little information on the effect of herbicides on the qualitative parameters of emmer wheat grain. The aim of our experiment was to study the influence of the different rates of herbicide Prima Forte 195 and in the mixtures with plant growth regulator Wuxal BIO Vita and also application of the same compositions of herbicide and plant growth regulator at the background of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Wuxal BIO Vita on the on the quality indices of grain. The objects of the research were emmer wheat plants (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) of the cultivar Holikovska (originator – the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev, Ukraine), herbicide Prima Forte 195, с.е. (Syngenta) (active substances – florasulam 5 g/l, aminopyralid 10 g/l, 2- ethylhexyl alcohol 2,4-D 180 g/l), plant growth regulator Wuxal BIO Vita (Unifer) (active substance – extract from seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, nitrogen (N) – 52 g/l, manganese (Mn) – 38 g/l, sulphur (S) – 29 g/l, iron (Fe) – 6.4 g/l, zinc (Zn) – 6.4 g/l). Field experiments were repeated three times over the period from 2017 to 2018 under conditions of field crop rotation of the Department of Biology at Uman National University of Horticulture according to the scheme: without the application of preparations (control I); manual weeding during vegetation (control II); Prima Forte 195 at the rates of 0,5; 0.6 and 0,7 l/hа applied separately and in combination with Wuxal BIO Vita 1,0 l/ha at the background of pre-sowing treatment of seed with Wuxal BIO Vita 1,0 l/t and without background. The application of preparations was carried out at tillering stage (BBCH 29) with the consumption of the solution 200 l/ha. Qualitative indicators of grain (protein, gluten) were determined according to State Standard of Ukraine (Derzhavni Standart Ukrainy, DSTU) DSTU 4117: 2007 "Grain and products of its processing. Determination of the quality indices by the method of infrared spectroscopy" in samples of grain, selected locally in field conditions by direct combining, and brought to standard humidity on Infratec 1241 grain analyser. The statistical analysis of the obtained results of the research was carried out using the method of dispersion analysis using Microsoft Excel. The highest levels of gluten content were obtained in combination with herbicide Prima Forte 195 and plant growth regulator Wuxal BIO Vita in combination with pre-sowing seed treatment by the same plant growth regulator. Thus, according to the rate of an herbicide 0,5 l/ha the gluten content was 31,6 %, 0,6 l/ha 31,3 %, and 0,7 l/ha – 31,0 %. The highest protein content was observed in variants of compatible application of Prima Forte 195 and Wuxal BIO Vita in the background of pre-seed treatment by Wuxal BIO Vita. According to the rate of the herbicide 0.5 l/ha protein content was 16,2 %, at the rate of 0,6 l/ha – 16,0 %, 0,7 l/ha – 15,9 %. Thus, the experimental data obtained give grounds to state that herbicides do not take a negative effect on the quality indicators of emmer wheat grain.