Productivity of winter wheat under cultivation technologies of different intensity

Abstract

One of the main directions of agricultural production in Ukraine is the stabilisation and increase in the production of high-quality food grains, which will ensure the country’s food security and increase the export potential. Increasing the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the main grain crop of the country, is important in this regard. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different intensity cultivation technologies on the productivity of winter wheat. The experiment was carried out in 2016–2020 and based on a stationary multifactorial experiment of the Department of Technology of Grain and Ear Crops of the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Models of cultivation technologies were studied, which differed in the rates of applied mineral fertilisers, the insertion of pea straw residues, and the application of the plant protection system (PPS). The results showed a positive effect of the cultivation technologies with increasing intensity on the formation of winter wheat productivity. The amount of vegetative mass, the level of accumulation of the dry matter of plants, the density of productive stems, the length of the ear, the number of spikelets per ear, and the grain size of the ear increased. The factor ‘fertilisation system’ had the greatest influence (79.3%) on the formation of winter wheat grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained by the highly intensive 1 (HI1) cultivation technology, which provided for the application of P80K100N240 fertilisers with the background of the straw residues of preceding crop and integrated PPS, which was 8.93 t ha−1 (excess to control was 4.71) with the best indicators of grains quality, protein content of 13.3–13.8%, and gluten content of 23.3–24.6%. On application of the studied technologies, winter wheat did not significantly accumulate copper, zinc, manganese, and iron. Keywords: winter wheat, cultivation technologies, Triticum aestivum, fertiliser rate, grain quality, grain yield.